Social Intelligence

Intelligence

Intelligence is a word we use in everyday life like learning speedily and understand good memory and thinking more word we use for intelligence word. the standard themes of learning from experience and adapting to the environment.

Definition of intelligence

"Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment."

- Wechsler (1939)

"Intelligence refers to the whole class of cognitive behaviors which reflect an

individual's capacity to solve problems with insight, to adapt himself to new

situations, to think abstractly and to profit from his experiences.

- Robinson & Robinson (1965)

"Intelligence is the ability to understand activities they are characterized by (1)

difficulty (2) complexity (3) abstractness (4) economy (5) addictiveness to goal (6)

social value (7) the emergence of originals, and to maintain such activities under

conditions that demand a conceration of emergy and a resistance to emotional factors.

- Stoddard (1941)

Theories of Intelligence (Factor theories)

Thurston's

Thurston (1938) presented his own theory and this theory states that the human intelligence includes 7 primary mental abilities. There are a number of groups of mental abilities, each of which has its own primary factor giving the group a functional unity and cohesiveness.

Thurston has given the following seven primary factors they are.

Sr no	Factors	Abilities	Description
1	S	Spiritual ability	Ability perceptive special relations
2	P	Perceptual ability	Ability to grasp visual field
3	N	Numerical ability	Ability to do numerical calculation rapidly & accurately
4	V	Verbal comprehensions Ability	Found intents involving comprehensive
5	W	Word influence	Ability to think and use words rapidly
6	R	Memory	Ability to remember
7	M	Reasoning	Found in task that require a subject to discover a rule of principal involve in a series of group of letter

Spearman's two factor theory

This is a very popular theory according to the spearman intelligence is the ability to

think constructively spearman (1904) proposes that intelligence consists of two

abilities. One general ability known as 'G' factor and the other a group of specific

abilities known as 'S' factor. G factor is universal inborn ability. Grater 'G' in an

individual leads to greater success in life 'S' factor is acquired from the environment it varies from activity to activity in the same individual.

Fluid intelligence

This is an innate biologically or genetically determined capacity and not influenced by education or training. This capacity helps the person in learning and problem solving. This is the ability which is useful in understanding and adjusting to strange situations. This ability develops fully in people by the end of an individual's adolescence.

Contextual (Practical) sub theory

‘Street smarts’ enable people to adapt to the demands of their environments through this processes of adaptation, shaping and selection individuals create an ideal fill between themselves and their environments. This type of intelligence is often referred to a "street smarts".

(2) Experiential (creative intelligence) sub theory:

Is defined by the abilities to scope with novel situations and to profit from experience to familiar situations fosters adaptation. Moreover, as a result of experience we also become able to solve problems more rapidly.

(3) Component (Analytical intelligence) sub theory:

Is what we generally think of as academic ability it enables us to solve problems and to acquire new knowledge and problem solving skill include encoding information and comparing pieces of information and generating a solution.

There other factor sub theory has given by him.

Theories and Model of social intelligence

1. Thordike (1920)

E.H. Thorndike has classified intelligence into three categories which are as follows.

(a) Concrete intelligence

(b) Abstract intelligence

(a) Concrete intelligence:

It is the ability of an individual to comprehend actual situations and to react to

adequately.

(b) Abstract intelligence:

An abstractly intelligence person is able to discover relations among symbols and to solve the various problems with the help of such aids (symbols, formula, diagram etc.)

(c) Social intelligence:

Social intelligence means the ability of an individual to react to social situations of his or her daily life. Social intelligence is possessed by those people who are able to handle people well and also have the ability to make friends easily and understand human relations Thorndike had a psychometric view describes. Social intelligence as general intelligence applied to social situations or the ability to understand and manage people measurable by tests. Thorndike required a “genuine situation with real persons” for the measurement of social intelligence. It was rare that the behavior of genuine persons served as stimuli therefore Thorndike subsequently failed to find a way to measure social intelligence. Thorndike (1920) noted that “?? “Convenient test

of social intelligence are hard to device.

Suggestion for Adolescents how can they improve their social intelligence:

Improving the strength of social intelligence can help you guard against such

misunderstanding and give you a greater resilience to our relationship. Some tips as under that you can help improving your social intelligence.

• Practice assertiveness techniques.

• Be aware of your non-verbal communication.

• Don't fall into the vicious circles of misunderstanding.

• Use social intelligence as well as offline.

• Understand of social world.

• Improve your social skill.

• Develop your communication skill.

• Do your conflict management.

• Use mannerly worlds like "please" thank you, etc.

• Give compliments regularly to others.

• Receive compliments without discounting.

• Apologize.

• Accept the apology of others.

• Introduce others.

• Make more friends and live properly with them.

• Keep your promises which you give to others.

• Meet different kind and types of people.

• Learn to take your social responsibilities.

• Respect your elders.

• Be more socialize.

• Follow social rules.

• Don’t get pressurized by the society.

• Respect of heterogeneous peoples.

• Learn from your past experience.

• Participate in social and family cultural events.

• Control your emotions.

• Behave respectfully and maintain dignity of others.

• Learn from others mistakes

Difference between IQ, EQ & SI.

IQ includes qualities like analytical skills, logical reasoning, ability to relate multiple things, and ability to store and retrieve information. IQ tests check this through various questions related to reading comprehension, data interpretation, logical reasoning, verbal ability, visual-spatial reasoning, classification, analogies and pattern-detection.

Then came Emotional Intelligence – EQ. EQ includes some key competencies which then have further subheads viz. self-awareness which includes emotional awareness, self-valuation & self-confidence; self-regulation which includes self-control, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, adaptability & innovativeness; self-motivation which includes drive, commitment, initiative & optimism; social awareness which includes empathy, service orientation, and political awareness; and social skills which include influence, communication, leadership, change management, conflict management and cooperation.

And then came Social Intelligence – SQ. Postulated by psychologist Edward Thorndike, it was later reinvented by psychologists like Howard Gardner and Daniel Goleman. Gardner proposed that there are multiple intelligences, out of which he talked about two important one’s intrapersonal intelligence and interpersonal intelligence. According to him, interpersonal intelligence includes sensitivity towards others’ moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations; and ability to cooperate as part of a group. Gardner equated it with Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence.

“Social intelligence is ability of a person to tune into other people’s emotions and read the understated behavioral signs to choose the most effective response in a given situation”. And Social Intelligence will be the future! The reason is simple. Well! Every interpersonal interaction has an emotional hint to it. And most of that emotional hint gets manifested less through words and more through the nonverbal behaviors like gestures, expressions, postures, vocal cues or for that matter, the way one has shaped one’s personal environment

What are the key elements of social intelligence?

1. Verbal Articulacy and Conversational Skills. You can easily spot someone with lots of SI at a party or social gathering because he or she knows how to “work the room.” The highly socially intelligent person can carry on conversations with a wide variety of people, and is tactful and appropriate in what is said. Combined, these represent what are called “social expressiveness skills.”

2. Knowledge of Social Roles, Rules, and Scripts. Socially intelligent individuals learn how to play various social roles. They are also well versed in the informal rules, or “norms,” that govern social interaction. In other words, they “know how to play the game” of social interaction. As a result, they come off as socially cultured and wise.

3. Effective Listening Skills. Socially intelligent persons are great listeners. As a result, others come away from an interaction with an SI person feeling as if they had a good “connection” with him or her.

4. Understanding What Makes Other People Tick. Great people watchers, individuals high in social intelligence adjust themselves to what others are saying, and how they are behaving, in order to try to “read” what the other person is thinking or feeling. Understanding emotions is part of Emotional Intelligence, and Social Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence are correlated – people who are especially skilled are high on both.

5. Role Playing and Social Self-Efficacy. The socially intelligent person knows how to play different social roles – allowing him or her to feel comfortable with all types of people. As a result, the SI individual feels socially self-confident and effective – what psychologists call “social self-efficacy.”

6. Impression Management Skills. Persons with SI are concerned with the impression they are making on others. They engage in what I call the “Dangerous Art of Impression Management,” which is a delicate balance between managing and controlling the image you represent to others and being reasonably “authentic” and letting others see the true self. This is perhaps the most complex element of social intelligence.

How to understand the social cue?

Social cues can either be a verbal or non-verbal hint, which can be positive or negative. These cues guide conversation and other social interactions. A few examples of social cues include:

Social cues serve several purposes in social interactions that help to clarify people's meanings and intentions. Cues help provide clues as to whether or not one is being accepted or rejected by those around them. They also provide more information about a person, group or interaction that allow for a higher degree of intimacy and quality of contact. One of the most important impacts of cues on social interactions is the reduction of ambiguity.

Facial expressions are signals that we make by moving our facial muscles on our face. Facial expressions generally signify an emotional state, and each emotional state and/or state of mind has a specific facial expression, many of which are universally used around the world. Without seeing someone's facial expression, one would not be able to see if the other person is crying, happy, angry, etc. Furthermore, facial expressions enable us to further comprehend what is going on during situations that are very difficult and/or confusing.

Body language and body posture are other social cues that we use to interpret how someone else is feeling. Other than facial expressions, body language and posture are the main non-verbal social cues that we use.

Gestures are specific motions that one makes with the hands in order to further communicate a message. Certain gestures such as pointing gestures, can help direct people's focus to what is important that is going on around them. Not only does using gestures help the speaker to better process what they are saying, but it also helps whoever is listening to that person to better comprehend what the speaker is saying.

Proximity represents the physical distance and/or closeness between people. Not only does this affect one's ability to see or touch the other person that they are communicating with, but is also affects one feeling of psychological closeness that one person has for the other. Furthermore, studies have found that people feel more connected to each other when they are in closer proximity to each other

Eye contact

Darting eyes may be a symptom of anxiety or insecurity. If someone's looking you straight in the eyes, they're either extremely confident or very comfortable in the conversation. Both are impressions that you should aim to convey.

Poor posture

While many of us have poor posture from hunching over our computers, notably droopy shoulders are often a sign of exhaustion. If you notice a coworker slouching, it might be best to give them some space.

Sudden silence

If you walk into a conversation and everything gets quiet, make a subtle exit--chances are you've interrupted a private moment.

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